In a large saucepan over medium heat, melt 2 tablespoons of butter. Add garlic and cook until fragrant, about 1 minute.
Add water, lemon strips, pepper, salt, and linguine. Increase heat to high and bring to a boil. As the cooking liquid is heating, if needed, push the softening noodles into the liquid until they are all fully submerged.
Once boiling, reduce heat to medium-high and cook pasta at a gentle boil for 7 minutes, stirring occasionally to prevent sticking.
Add cream and reduce heat to medium. Continue to cook, stirring frequently, until the sauce begins to thicken and the pasta is al dente, about 3 minutes.
Turn off heat. With a slotted spoon or tongs, remove lemon peel strips. Stir in remaining 1 tablespoon of butter and allow to melt. Add lemon juice, 1 tablespoon of lemon zest, and Parmesan. Stir to combine. Let cool for 5 to 8 minutes to allow the sauce to thicken.
Divvy linguine among serving bowls and top with remaining lemon zest, herbs if desired, and salt and pepper to taste.