In a large saucepan over high heat, toss in the vegetables, garlic, bay leaf, peppercorns, cloves, water, sugar, and salt.
Bring to a boil and then reduce the heat to maintain a gentle simmer. Cook until the vegetables are tender, 40 to 60 minutes.
Strain through a fine mesh sieve, reserving the broth and discarding or composting the vegetables. Let the soup cool.
Add a squeeze of lemon juice. Taste and, if desired, adjust the salt, pepper, and lemon.
Cover and refrigerate until chilled through, at least 2 hours and preferably at least 12 hours to allow the flavors to meld.
Serve the borscht cold, ladled into bowls or poured into cups or shot glasses. If desired, embellish with a swirl of heavy cream or a spoonful of sour cream and a scattering of chives.