Crank the oven to 350°F (175°C) and adjust the rack to the middle position. Cut a piece of parchment paper that's approximately 9-by-16-inches (23-by-40-cm). Coat a 9-by-5-inch (23-by-13-cm) loaf pan lightly with the baking spray and fit the parchment into the pan so that it lines the bottom and sides with ample overhang.
In a medium bowl, whisk together the flour, baking powder, and salt.
In a small bowl, mix 3 tablespoons (18 g) zest into the sugar using your fingertips to release the oils in the zest.
In the bowl of a stand mixer fitted with the paddle attachment or in a large bowl with a hand mixer on medium-high, beat the butter and zest-infused sugar, scraping down the bowl a few times, until it's fluffy and pale yellow, 5 to 6 minutes.
Add the eggs, 1 at a time, beating after each addition until fully incorporated. Add the sour cream and vanilla and continue to beat until everything's combined. The mixture may look curdled. That's okay.
Switch to a spatula and gently fold the flour mixture into the butter mixture until no flour streaks remain.
Scoop about 1/2 cup of the batter into a small bowl, add the blood orange marmalade, and stir until smooth.
Spoon about 2/3 of the plain batter into the prepared pan and smooth the top with the spatula. Gently spoon the marmalade batter on top, spreading it to within 1/2 inch of the pan's edge. Scrape the rest of the plain batter over the marmalade batter and smooth the top. Stick a table knife into the batter and, using the flat side, crisscross it back and forth to mix the layers together a bit.
Bake until the cake is domed and golden and a toothpick comes out clean, 60 to 70 minutes. If the cake begins browning too much, loosely cover the pan with foil, tented in the center so it doesn't touch the surface of the cake.
Remove the cake from the oven and let it cool on a rack for 10 minutes.