Bring a large pot of generously salted water to boil. Cook the pasta until al dente.
Meanwhile, using a knife, vegetable peeler, or grater, remove the zest from the lemon, avoiding any underlying white pith. If you used a knife or peeler, slice the peel into very thin strips. Juice the lemon, strain, and reserve.
In a large nonreactive saucepan over high heat, combine the lemon zest with the wine and bring to a boil. Reduce the heat to medium-high and simmer until reduced to 1/4 cup, 10 to 15 minutes.
Remove the pan from the heat, pour in about 1/4 cup of the cream, and stir. Then pour in the remaining cream and stir to combine.
Return to high heat and bring to a boil. Reduce the heat and gently simmer until thickened and reduced slightly, 3 to 5 minutes. Remove from the heat.
When the pasta is cooked to the desired doneness, reserve 3/4 cup of pasta water and then drain the pasta.
Return the pot to stove. Pour in the cream sauce, butter, and lemon juice, stir, and then add the drained pasta and a few tablespoons of cooking water. Immediately toss and add the cheese in 3 or 4 additions, tossing each to meld with sauce. Add more cooking water, if necessary, to make a smooth sauce that evenly coats the pasta.
Ladle the pasta onto plates and, if desired, drizzle each portion with olive oil. Season to taste with salt and pepper.